Dec
11, 1948: UN
General Assembly: Resolution 194 attempted
to create a Jewish and Arab state on the land of Palestine. Resolution 194 also attempted to make the
city of Jerusalem an independent international state that would be presided
over by a neutral international organization, the UN.
May
14, 1948:
Through the British Mandate for Palestine, the independent Jewish state,
Israel, was created.
May
15, 1948 – March 10, 1949: The Arab-Israeli War took place between the Jewish
forces that were attempting to establish their state of Israel and the Palestinian
Arabs that were supported by Arabs from surrounding countries. The war ended with the creation of the Jewish
state of Israel, which was not recognized by the Arabs, and the creation of the
1949 Armistice Agreements which established the Green Line that demarcated the
divide between Israel and the land of its neighboring Arab states.
Oct
29, 1956 – Nov 7, 1956: The Suez Crisis took place between Egypt and a coalition
of Britain, France, and Israel. The
coalition attacked Egypt and Israel gained control of the Suez Canal and the
Sinai Peninsula.
March,
1957: Israeli
forces withdraw from the Suez Canal and Sinai Peninsula.
May
28, 1964:
The creation of The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was started by the
Arab League in Cairo Summit of 1964. The
PLO was meant to be the primary organization that represented the Palestinian
people.
June
5, 1967 – June 10, 1967: The Israelis engaged in The Six Day War in which
they took control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank
including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights.
Feb
4, 1969: Yasser
Arafat became the Executive Committee Chairman of the PLO and introduced his Fatah
Oct
6, 1973 – Oct 25, 1973: The Yom Kippur War was fought between Israel and a
coalition of Arab nations led by Egypt and Syria. The Arab coalition attacked the Israeli
occupied territories of the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights. By the end of the fighting, Israel had lost
its sense of complacency; the United States began to pave the way towards the
Camp David Accords; and Anwar Sadat switched his favor from the Soviet Union to
the United States.
September
17, 1978:
The Camp David Accords took place between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat,
Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and mediated by United States President
Jimmy Carter. The Camp David Accords
established the “land for peace” agreement between Egypt and Israel in which
Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula and agreed to remove 4,500 civilian
inhabitants in return for civil relations with Egypt.
June,
1982:
Israel invaded Lebanon in order to eliminate the PLO members stationed there.
1982,
1983, 1985: UN
Security Council: Resolution 425 and subsequent resolutions help to force an
Israeli withdraw from Lebanese territory.
1987: Several
Palestinians being killed in a traffic accident involving an Israeli driver
caused the creation of the Hamas group.
Hamas became an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood and an Islamic
resistance force to the Israelis in Gaza.
1987
– 1993:
The First Intifada or “uprising” took place between the common Palestinian
people and the Israeli occupiers of the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem.
July,
1988:
Jordanian King Husayn withdraws Jordan’s claim to the West Bank territory. The PLO became the primary governing power
over the West Bank and became Israel’s only party of interest in regards to the
West Bank.
1990s: The Oslo Peace Accords
begin to take place.
October
30, 1991:
The Madrid Conference was an attempt by the greater international community to
start a peace process for negotiating and settling disputes between Israel,
Palestinians, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan.
The Conference was hosted by Spain and attended by both the United
States and the former USSR. By the end
of the Conference, little actual progress had been made towards peace; however,
all of the countries in attendance appeared very hopeful for the future, and a
roadmap of future resolution had been made.
1993: The First
Intifada came to a close. The cease of
violence expedited the work towards peace: Oslo Agreements.
September
13, 1993: The
Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or “Oslo I”
was the first face-to-face agreement between the official government of Israel
and the PLO. Oslo I built a framework
for future negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians which would take
place after a five year interim period.
During this period the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) would gain
power over the Palestinian people, the Israeli Defense Forces were called to
withdraw from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, and resolutions for paramount
issues such as: positions on Jerusalem, Palestinian refugees, Israeli
settlements, security, and borders would be drawn up. The famous handshake of Oslo I was between Israeli
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and was witnessed
by United States President Bill Clinton.
The handshake took place on the White House lawn.
May
4, 1994:
The Gaza-Jericho Agreement followed the Oslo I agreement. The Gaza-Jericho Agreement finalized the
ruling of the Palestinian Authority’s control over the West Bank and Gaza
Strip. Part of this agreement involved
the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Jericho.
July
25, 1994:
The Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace did not directly involve the Palestinian
Authority, but it was an effort by surrounding nations to promote peace in the
region. This treaty calmed relations
between Israel (lead by Yitzhak Rabin) and Jordan (lead by King Hussein I), and
made Jordan the second Arab country, after Egypt, to make relations with
Israel.
September
28, 1995: The
Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip or “Oslo II” was essentially
meant to be the operationalization of the Oslo I accords. Essentially with the signing of the Oslo II
agreement, the Palestinian Authority was given rule over Bethlehem, Hebron, Jenin,
Nablus, Qalqilya, Ramallah, Tulkaram, and about 450 Arab villages within the
West Bank.
November
4, 1995:
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by Yigal Amir, an Israeli
conservative religious Zionist, at the Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv after
a rally in support of the peace accords through the Oslo Agreements.
May
26, 1996:
Current Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was elected to be the then
Prime Minster of Israel.
September,
1996: Israeli
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu authorized the opening of the Hasmonean
Tunnel. As this tunnel is related to the
Sacred Al-Aqsa Mosque, Palestinian riots followed Netanyahu’s decision. Such riots displayed the tension that still
existed between the Israelis and Palestinians.
September
4, 1999:
The Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak
and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat at Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt. The memorandum was also co-signed by Egyptian
President Hosni Mubarak and Jordanian King Abdullah. The Memorandum was created to implement the
plans of the Oslo Agreements as well as all other agreements between the PLO
and Israel. Several Israeli redeployment
strategies were agreed upon as well as safe passage routes and crossing points.
September
28, 2000:
Soon to be Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s visit to the Temple Mount
causes the Second Intifada.
March
7, 2001:
Ariel Sharon is elected as Israel’s Prime Minister and begins his program of
disengagement with the Palestinians: refused to negotiate until the violence
ends. Likewise, many Palestinians
attempted to solve this issue with the contrasting strategy: violence until
meetings for negotiations take place.
March
29, 2002:
As a reaction to a wave of Palestinian suicide bombings, Israel launched
Operation Defensive Shield in which it reoccupied all of the major Palestinian
cities in the West Bank
2002: Beginning of
construction on the security barrier between Israel and the West Bank. The barrier is meant to help protect Israel
from violent attacks from the Palestinians.
The barrier cuts through several large parts of Israeli occupied West
Bank in order to encompass as many Israeli settlements as possible.
June
29, 2003:
Islamic militant groups and Fatah announce a three-month cease-fire.
August,
2003:
A suicide bombing in Jerusalem perpetrated by Hamas lead Israel to resume
targeted killings. The cease-fire fails,
and Israel expedites construction of the security barrier in the West Bank.
June
6, 2004:
Israel put forth Israel’s Unilateral Disengagement Plan to dismantle and remove
all Jewish settlements from the Gaza Strip and four settlements from the West
Bank by the end of 2005.
November
11, 2004: Yasir
Arafat dies and control of the PLO shifts to Mahmoud Abbas.
July,
2006:
Hizballah attack Israeli post and capture two soldiers. Israel responded with large-scale air and
ground attacks in southern Lebanon while Hizballah continued to launch rocket
attacks on north Israel.
August
14, 2006:
UN resolution forced a cease-fire.
Hizballah forces on the Israeli border were replaced with Lebanese army
and international forces.
June,
2007: Hamas
assumes control of Gaza
September,
2011:
Palestinian Authority put forth a UN resolution for recognition of statehood.
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